| SUMMARY: |
The term career has different meanings for sociology, psychology, economics, and
education scholars. For sociologists, careers have been studied in relationship to social mobility
and social stratification, occupations, status passages, power and control, or the influence of race,
gender, ethnicity, origin, and education. For economics, careers are linked to income, active
workforce, and unemployment rates, or retiring plans. For educators, they are relevant in the
transition from school to work, in relationship to educational choices and school curriculum. For
public policy, careers are linked to diversity, equity and inclusion, fair access to resources,
reskilling and upskilling or lifelong learning. For psychologists, especially the organizational ones,
patterns, trajectories, contingencies, transitions and turning points are studied, along with the
accumulation of cultural capital, and work relationships between employers and employees
focusing on roles and procedures, leadership, reward systems and performance management,
productivity, satisfaction, engagement, values, skills, wellbeing, and burnout. For career
psychologists and counsellors, the focus is on individual traits, abilities, skills, motivations, values,
interests, needs and the person – environment fit, the implementation of self-concept, career stages
and individual agency, social learning, information processing, planning, and decision making, or
sense-making using narratives and metaphors. |
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